台盼蓝活体染色法观察瓦氏黄颡鱼血脾屏障研究

为探讨瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)脾脏组织结构和血脾屏障位置,该研究对其脾脏进行了形态大小、组织学和活体染色观察。结果显示,瓦氏黄颡鱼的脾脏位于腹腔中部,呈暗红色,脾体指数为0.120%~0.273%;对健康脾脏制备石蜡切片,分别进行HE染色和改良James染色,显微镜观察发现其脾组织主要由不发达的被膜系统、分界不清的红髓和白髓及由网状纤维和胶原纤维组成的纤维支架构成。其中网状纤维主要位于脾索和椭球体周围,胶原纤维主要位于脾索;使用台盼蓝活体染色法对健康瓦氏黄颡鱼的血脾屏障部位和功能探索发现,台盼蓝主要位于脾脏的椭球体内皮细胞中,最早出现在注射后的第4小时,随时间推移在椭球体内逐渐累积,24 h后数量显著增加,并持续增加至第72小时。结果表明椭球体内皮细胞是血脾屏障的重要组成成分。     

拟态弧菌感染黄颡鱼的动态病理损伤及病原分布研究

以1.0×106CFU·m L~(-1)拟态弧菌(Vibrio mimicus)浸浴感染黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco),于第0、第4、第8、第16、第24、第36、第48、第60、第72小时剖杀取样,研究病理损伤及病原菌的体内动态分布。结果显示,皮肤肌肉、鳃、肠道出现病变最早,其中皮肤肌肉损伤最严重。第16小时表皮变性、坏死,鳃上皮肿胀,肠绒毛水肿;第24~第48小时表皮坏死、脱落,真皮严重出血,肌纤维变性、坏死,鳃出血,上皮局部坏死,肠上皮变性与灶性坏死;第48~第72小时皮肤肌肉坏死更严重,形成溃疡灶,鳃灶性坏死。肾、肝、脾与心36 h后相继出现不同程度的淤血、出血,变性和灶性坏死。q PCR检测发现,第4小时即在鳃、肠、皮肤肌肉检出病菌,细菌含量分别为1.3×102CFU·mg~(-1)、2.6×102CFU·mg~(-1)、4.7×102CFU·mg~(-1);鳃与皮肤肌肉中菌量随时间延长而增加,第72小时皮肤肌肉中菌量达到4.5×107CFU·mg~(-1);第24小时后相继在肾、肝、脾、心检出病菌,菌量介于1.9×10~4.7×102CFU·mg~(-1)之间。结果表明皮肤、鳃和肠道是病菌的入侵位点,并在体内多组织、器官分布。     

Growth performance and whole‐body composition of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson) under feeding restriction

Fish growth is an important index in aquaculture practice. However, the effect of growth under restricted feeding on quality of fish grown to the same size remains poorly unknown. In this study, yellow catfish were reared by feeding them at three different feeding rates such as low (FR‐L group), medium (FR‐M group) and high (apparent satiation) ration levels for 82, 58 and 34 days to reach the same size, respectively. After this period, the growth performance, whole‐body amino acid composition and fatty acid profile of the fish were evaluated. Feeding restriction led to significant decreases in specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency. Significant increases in dry matter, protein and energy contents were observed in fish under both restricted feeding treatments. FR‐L‐treated fish had significantly lower whole‐body essential amino acid contents, and significantly higher Ala and non‐essential amino acid contents compared to fish fed to satiation. Fish in restricted feeding treatments had significantly higher n‐3 PUFA and n‐3/n‐6 ratio compared to the fish fed to satiation. The present results indicate that from a quality perspective, there are certain advantages in improvement of whole‐body composition and enrichment of n‐3 PUFA associated with the restricted feeding of yellow catfish at slow growth rate.     

组胺对黄颡鱼生长及体色变异的影响

试验在基础饲料中分别添加0、10、100、1 000 mg/kg的组胺,制成4种等氮饲料(分别记为C、H10、H100和H1000),以黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)(102.13±0.52)g为试验对象,进行56 d的养殖试验,研究不同添加水平组胺对黄颡鱼生长、皮肤显微结构、皮肤黑色素含量、酪氨酸酶活力和脑中黑素皮质素受体-1(MC1R)mRNA表达量的影响。试验采用微流水室内养殖系统,结果表明:饲料中添加不同量组胺对黄颡鱼生长(增重率和特定生长率)无显著影响(P0.05),而高组胺添加量组(H1000组,组胺含量1 390 mg/kg)黄颡鱼皮肤中黑色素含量及脑组织中MC1R mRNA表达量显著低于对照组(P0.05),低添加量组(H10和H100)黄颡鱼皮肤黑色素含量和脑中MC1R mRNA表达量与对照组无差异(P0.05)。随着饲料中组胺添加量的增加,皮肤酪氨酸酶活力呈下降趋势,但各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。结果表明:组胺对黄颡鱼生长表现无影响,但会引起黄颡鱼体色白化,且白化程度与饲料中组胺含量密切相关。     

饲料磷含量对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长、生化组成及血清生化指标的影响

在黄颡鱼商业饲料基础上通过减少Ca(H2PO4)2的添加量,制成3种不同磷含量(以Ca(H2PO4)2计）的饲料(25kg/t简称25P、15kg/t简称15P、5kg/t简称5P)进行生长试验,测定不同磷含量对黄颡鱼生长、生化组成和血清生化指标的影响.每种饲料对应3缸重复,每缸15尾鱼（初始平均体质量3.2g）,进行...     

A study on dietary l‐lysine requirement of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine lysine requirement of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) by feeding formulated diets containing crystalline l ‐lysine. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (405 g kg^?1 protein, 18 kJ g^?1 gloss energy) containing fish meal together with soybean protein concentrate as protein sources and fish oil together with soybean oil as lipid sources were formulated. Crystalline l ‐lysine was added into the six diets to acquire lysine concentrations of 17.3, 21.8, 26.0, 31.3, 35.5 and 41.9 g kg^?1 dry diets, respectively. Mixture of crystalline amino acid was supplemented to simulate the amino acid profile in muscle of yellow catfish. The results indicated that final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency (PE) increased with the increase in dietary lysine level from 17.3 to 31.3 g kg^?1 of diet and then decreased as the dietary lysine levels further increased. No significant difference in survival rate was found among all the dietary treatments. One‐slope, quadratic broken‐line analysis on the basis of SGR showed that the dietary l ‐lysine requirement of juvenile yellow catfish was 33.1 g kg^?1 of dry diet (83.2 g kg^?1 of dietary protein).     

黄颡鱼不同组织5 种同工酶的分析

为研究黄颡鱼同工酶系统的组织特异性,分析黄颡鱼的遗传多样性并为品种改良提供有价值的生化遗传指标。采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直凝胶电泳法,对黄颡鱼的血,腮,脑,肝,心,胃,肾,性腺,肌肉,肠,头肾,脾和膀胱共13种新鲜组织中的苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）、苹果酸酶（ME）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、酯酶（EST）、葡萄糖醛酸酐酶（GD）共5种同工酶进行了分析。结果表明,MDH在脑、肾和头肾中分别具有特异性酶带;ME只在肝组织检测到酶带;SOD在肝、肠、脑和肌肉组织分别具有特异性酶带,EST在肌肉组织具有特异性酶带;GD在腮和脑组织中具有特异性酶带。说明黄颡鱼5种同工酶系统具有明显的组织特异性。     

瓦氏黄颡鱼生长激素基因克隆及其组织特异性表达分析

生长激素(growth hormone,GH)对脊椎动物的生长发育及代谢具有重要作用。采用RT-PCR和RACE技术,克隆了瓦氏黄颡鱼垂体GH cDNA全长序列,应用real-time qPCR法对不同组织中GH mRNA的表达进行检测。序列分析表明,GH cDNA(GenBank登录号:GU395549)序列全长1 203 bp,其5’端非编码区77 bp、3’端非编码区523 bp,开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)603 bp,由此推导GH前体蛋白由200个氨基酸组成。同源性比较结果表明,瓦氏黄颡鱼与同目鱼类的GH编码序列同源性较高,与哺乳类和鸟类的同源性较低。Real-time qPCR结果显示,GH mRNA在垂体中的表达量最高,其次是脑、肌肉、肝脏、脂肪组织、胃、脾脏、卵巢或精巢,而在肾脏、心脏、鳃和肠中没有明显的表达。实验结果表明,GH基因在瓦氏黄颡鱼组织中广泛表达,提示GH可能以旁分泌或自分泌的方式对其生长和繁殖发挥重要作用。     

江黄颡鱼鱼苗与雌雄亲鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成分析

采用常规的化学分析方法结合气相色谱-质谱法检测江黄颡鱼鱼苗、雌雄亲鱼肌肉脂肪酸的组成与含量变化,以期为优化江黄颡鱼的饲料配制和饲养方式、提高其产量和品质提供理论依据.结果显示:江黄颡鱼鱼苗、雌性和雄性鱼的不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)含量是63.00%～69.00%,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量是31.00%～37.00%;在鱼苗、雌雄性亲鱼肌肉中平均含量最高的脂肪酸依次是:C16:0、C18:In-9、C18:0、C16:1、C22:6n-3、C22:5n-3、C18:3n-3.江黄颡鱼鱼苗、雌性和雄性亲鱼中不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)的含量高于饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的含量;江黄颡鱼在代谢不同生长时期,是以饱和脂肪酸和短不饱和脂肪酸为代谢能量的主要来源;鱼苗和亲鱼的肌肉脂肪酸组成种类相同.     

黄颡鱼的生物学特性及人工养殖技术

黄颡鱼深受国内外广大消费者的青睐,其市场行情及发展前景看好.本文阐述了黄颡鱼的生物学特性及人工养殖技术.